Challenges in the Implementation of Online Teaching and Learning in Thailand: Insights for Educational Policy

Abstract

Thailand’s digital transformation has gained significant traction in online education. With the aim of providing quality education across borders for the enhancement of Thailand’s human resources, the goal of improving the quality of online education in Thailand was conceptualized. This study addressed the challenges faced by teachers in managing and supervising online teaching and learning among Thai university students. This was conducted at an international college in a public university in Phitsanulok, Thailand. The study involved a total of 17 teachers who shared their insights on key features, challenges, and strategies in online education. Using a convergent mixed methods design, data were collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings of this study highlight the critical role of instructional planning, instructional delivery, and learning assessment in enhancing the quality of online teaching and learning. As a result, an online teaching and learning framework was developed to standardize practices, strengthen student competencies, and promote sustainability. The proposed framework addresses existing challenges, enhances engagement, and ensures academic integrity. Overall, the framework was created not only as a strategic response to any educational disruptions that may arise at any time but also to strengthen and future-proof online education in Thailand.